The Latics are missing four central defenders through injury, and were desperate to bring in defensive cover.
But although Leeds were prepared to let Brazilian defender Marques go to Boundary Park on loan, the player decided against it after talks with his agent.
Latics boss Ronnie Moore told PA Sport: “We spoke to Leeds and I have to thank them because they were brilliant.
“We need an experienced centre-back to get us through a sticky spell because we’re struggling with injuries.
“Leeds came back and agreed to it, but unfortunately for us the player spoke to his agent and he advised him against it.
“I’m still looking for a central defender and a midfield player but we’re not even close at the moment."