The 28-year-old arrives at Oakwell initially for a month, but with the possibility of a permanent deal.
Heckingbottom was born in Barnsley, but began his career at Manchester United and ended up at Wednesday via Darlington and Bradford City.
He is delighted to be playing for his hometown club, and expects to sign on a full-time basis.
He said: "I've signed a loan deal, but that is only to get everything through in time - I will be signing permanent next week.
"This is the one place I have always wanted to be, even though it is taken 10 or 11 years to get here.
"I have come here to win promotion, it is my target and I want to be a success."